This is crucial to help bolster food security, something the government has outlined as critical to our national infrastructure.
According to 2023 Defra figures, the UK is 62% self-sufficient in food. While this reflects similar levels of the past decade, some sectors have seen a recent decline.
For example, the UK’s self-sufficiency in fresh vegetables – key in supporting the health of our nation – is at its lowest since records began in 1988 at 53%.
This year, farmers and growers have experienced some of the wettest winters and springs on record which has put untold pressure on food production and contributed to a collapse in farm business confidence, causing a dramatic decline in the area planted of cereals for the 2024 harvest.
Global pressure on food systems
At the same time, record-breaking global temperatures have impacted key exporting countries across the world.
Imports make up 84% of fresh tomatoes on sale in the UK, yet tomato imports from Spain and Morocco fell by 17% in February 2023 compared to the five-year average.
In the same time period, imports of lettuce varieties fell by more than 36%, contributing to shortages on shop shelves as UK production also fell.
With global and climatic instability putting pressure on food systems all over the world, the NFU is looking to work with the new government to put domestic food production at the centre of its missions around climate resilience, economic growth and the nation’s health.
NFU President Tom Bradshaw said that while food from other countries will always form a proportion of our daily diets, “we must recognise the vulnerability of global food supply chains and the importance of a stable food supply here at home to our nation’s health, as well as its vital contribution to our economy”.
“Farmers produce the raw ingredients that underpin our food and drink sector, the largest manufacturing sector in the UK, worth £146 billion and employing more than four million people.
“That is why investment in Britain’s farming sector is so important, so where we can increase self-sufficiency in homegrown foods, we do.”
Chipping away at business confidence
Tom highlighted the volatility experienced by farmers, with extreme weather, significant reductions in direct farm support payments and unsustainably high production costs due to the war in Ukraine impacting businesses.
“All of this chips away at business confidence and farmers’ ability to do what they do best – produce high quality, nutritious food for the nation. And with nearly one fifth of UK households reporting experiences of moderate or severe food insecurity in January 2023, we can’t afford to let this trend take hold.”
The NFU has welcomed the government’s recognition that food security is critical to national security and has emphasised the need for the “right policy framework and investment to boost confidence and resilience so we can withstand climate and economic shocks”.
The UK's self-sufficiency levels for all food types:
| Year | Production to supply ratio (%) |
| 1960 | 52% |
| 1970 | 57% |
| 1980 | 72% |
| 1984 | 78% (this is the UK's highest self-sufficiency figure, according to available data) |
| 1990 | 74% |
| 2000 | 67% |
| 2010 | 62% |
| 2017 | 62% |
| 2018 | 60% |
| 2019 | 61% |
| 2020 | 60% |
| 2022 | 60% |
| 2023 | 62% |
Data: GOV.UK | The food chain
“Central to this is an increased multi-year agriculture budget and a statutory commitment to ensure the UK’s self-sufficiency does not drop below its current level,” Tom added.
“On this self-sufficiency day, we want to highlight the importance of boosting Britain’s ability to produce its own food so families across the country continue to have access to healthy, balanced and affordable meals – something we all have a right to.”
Government asks
On self-sufficiency day, the NFU is highlighting multiple ways the new government can help ensure self-sufficiency doesn’t drop in the future:
1. Multi-year agriculture budget
An increased multi-year agriculture budget for the duration of this Parliament, as was the case in the previous parliament.
2. Food security impact assessment
Ensure all new policies and regulations that impact agricultural and horticultural businesses undergo a food security impact assessment.
3. Statutory commitment
Introduce a statutory commitment to ensure the UK’s self-sufficiency does not drop below its current level.
4. Core standards
Ensure food imports are produced to the same standards as those that British farmers are required to meet by introducing a system of core standards for animal welfare and environmental impact.
5. Environmental schemes
A seamless transition to new environmental schemes that are open to all farmers and growers.
6. Public procurement
Deliver manifesto commitment of introducing a target for half of all food purchased across the public sector to be locally produced or certified to higher environmental standards.
7. Farming recognised in planning system
Update the NPPF (National Planning Policy Framework) to include a weighted argument in favour of food production, with the benefits of farming clearly recognised by the planning system to support food production across England.
8. Support horticultural growth
Supporting growth in the UK horticulture sector as outlined in the NFU’s Horticulture Strategy, developing policies around access to labour, crop protection, water, planning, and affordable and sustainable energy supply.
